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Abstract: A semi-empirical theory is presented for the design of model rocket engines that use Black Powder for fuel. By choosing the values of a few adjustable parameters, a modeller can construct engines that perform satisfactorily without extensive or dangerous trial and error. Formulas are given for calculating the nozzle diameter, the combustion chamber height, and such performance descriptors as specific impulse and average thrust for any size of model rocket engine.

Keywords: Black powder rocket motor, chamber pressure, specific impulse, chamber pressure, rocket motor design

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Abstract: Presented is a brief description of the use of flow agents in pyrotechnics. Examples of the use of several agents is described and a simple test for flowability is presented.

Keywords: aluminum oxide, carbon-black, flow agent, silica

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Abstract: The Yoshida Hazard Analysis (YHA) was applied to the manufacturing of a gas generant composed of Urazole, a metal nitrate (Urazole/ MNO₃) and other materials. The safety hazards of the materials used in the manufacturing process were identified and evaluated in a hazard catalog, and the risks of each unit operation in the process were plotted on risk profiles for normal operations, operations which deviated from normal, and corrected operations. In the course of making these risk profiles, the hazards of operations that deviate from the normal were identified and measures for safe operations and handling of materials were instituted.

Keywords: air-bag, gas generant, hazard analysis, risk profile, safety analysis, manufacturing safety, urazole

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Abstract: This paper examines the analysis of pyrotechnic compositions found in fireworks for the presence of sulphur and chlorate ion (ClO₃^–). Admixtures of these two components can produce compositions which have high sensitiveness to mechanical stimuli (e.g., friction and impact), may be thermally unstable, and are not normally permitted in fireworks in the UK. Analytical methods for the admixture have, in the past, been qualitative. Colorimetric techniques have been developed for the quantitative analysis of sulphur and chlorate which use readily available materials and equipment. The techniques have been validated by examining pyrotechnic mixtures with known proportions of sulphur and chlorate. Fireworks compositions have been analysed and varying levels of sulphur and chlorate found.

Keywords: qualitative chemistrycal-, chlorate/sulfur, qualitative analysis, sulfur/chlorate

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Abstract: A collection of six commercial powders were test fired in concussion mortars to determine internal mortar pressures, air blast pressures, and the durations of air blast positive phase. The range of internal mortar pressures for various powder types and load mass, ranged from less than 200 psi (1.4 MPa) to nearly 100,000 psi (700 MPa). For the same powder loads, the air blast pressures at a distance of approximately 70 inches (1.8 m), ranged from 0.07 psi (0.5 kPa) to 1.7 psi (12 kPa). This corresponds to sound pressure levels (peak - ultra fast - linear) ranging from 148 dB to 175 dB, and relative loudness values ranging from 1.0 to 6.8. For the same powder loads, the durations of positive phase, which should relate to tonal quality of the air blasts, ranged from nearly 4 ms down to 0.7 ms.

Keywords: concussion-mortar, internal pressure, concussion-mortar, sound pressure, powder, concussion powder, sound

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Keywords: hybrid rocket motor, nitrous oxide

Reprint Information: Number of pages = 13. The price for this reprint is $6.50.
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