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It was found that for production of this type of fusehead is possible to use standard dipping technology without significant change in the technological process, but the presence of binder in the pyrotechnic composition has a considerable influence on the electrical properties. Determination of the reaction times of detonators showed that is possible to reach very short reaction times less than 1 ms. This is approx. 20 times less compared with a detonator (or fusehead) equipped with a standard bridge wire fusehead. This could be advantageous for the many applications where a fast response of the electro-explosive system is required together with low cost and ease of use. Typical of such applications are firework displays and special pyrotechnic effects.

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Abstract:A mixture of magnesium, potassium perchlorate, KClO₄, and polytetrafluoroethylene, (-C₂F₄-)_n, displays an audible crackling effect with nice sparks.

Keywords: crackling effect, magnesium, potassium perchlorate, polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon™

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Abstract: Spectra and color values of the light from LEDs and liquid colors were measured using the PMA-11C7473-36 spectrometer as a preliminary study of the color of firework flames. The light from LEDs was stable and reproducibly measured. The color values of the light from LEDs did not vary with change in the exposure time of the spectrometer and the distance between the light and the incident point. The color values of the flames of liquid colors were less stable than those from LEDs owing to the flickering of the flame, but nearly constant with the change of exposure time and distance. The peak heights of the flame spectra of the liquid colors were proportional to the exposure time, but when the highest peak was saturated the proportionality changed. The red and yellow spectra of the liquid colors consisted of the single peaks from Li and Na atoms, respectively, with high excitation purity. The green and blue spectra consisted mainly of the molecular spectra of BO₂ and CuCl, respectively, with moderate excitation purity. The concentrations of the principal color emitters of the flames of alcohol colors were calculated using a computer program for chemical thermodynamics.

Keywords: flame spectra, liquid colors, LED, spectroscopic measurement, thermodynamic modeling

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Abstract: The spectroscopic measurement of burning stars has been carried out in order to examine the spectra of the stars, the peak intensity profiles of the spectra, the burning time and behavior, and the effect of filters on the attenuation of peak intensity and the excitation purity
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Keywords: firework stars, spectroscopic measurement, burning time, emission spectra, three dimensional expression, peak intensity profile, excitation purity, filter

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Abstract: Lightning Thermo Tube (LTT) is a recently introduced type of shock tube with characteristics that make it highly suitable for use with common pyrotechnics. LTT is reliably initiated by reasonably energetic electric matches and reliably ignites most pyrotechnic compositions. LTT is physically strong, easily spliced and branched, and highly weather resistant. LTT produces a bright flash of light upon functioning, which may be useful in itself. This paper presents the results of a series of tests performed to determine some of the more important capabilities and characteristics of LTT as it relates to use with pyrotechnics in general and fireworks in particular.

Keywords: thermo tube, shock tube, pyrotechnic ignition system

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Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the potential for being able to identify primer gunshot residue (PGSR) within the substantial quantities of particulate residues produced during the firing of a revolver using Black Powder propellant and a percussion cap primer. Samples of gunshot residue (GSR) were collected from the shooter’s hands, from surfaces to the side of the shooter, from surfaces near the muzzle of the weapon, and from various locations on the weapon itself (both inside and outside). It was found to be relatively easy to identify PGSR from the hand of the shooter, from surfaces to the side of the weapon, and from most locations on the weapon. However, using the methods of this study, no PGSR was identified within the large amount of Black Powder residue projected out the muzzle of the weapon and on the inside of its barrel.

Keywords: gunshot residue, GSR, Black Powder, percussion cap primer, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy, EDS

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